|
Stratton's Independence Mine and Mill is a historic gold mining site near Victor, Colorado on the south slope of Battle Mountain. Between late 1893 and April 1899, approximately 200,000 ounces (5670 kg) of gold was removed from the Independence Mine. ==History== In the spring of 1891 W. S. Stratton persuaded Leslie Popejoy to grubstake him in the Cripple Creek District in return for half the profits. Stratton staked two claims on the south slope of Battle Mountain on July 4, 1891. He called the two claims the Independence and the Washington in honor of the holiday. Stratton quickly sold his house and two lots, one in Denver and one in Colorado Springs, so that he could buy out Popejoy's share. His reason: some assays from the Independence lode showed a value of $380 per ton gold. One boulder from the Independence mine brought $60,000, which Stratton used to sink a chute. In doing so he tapped directly into a rich vein. The next year, in 1892, Stratton also hit gold in the Washington mine. Stratton became the Cripple Creek District's first millionaire.〔All That Glitters—Class, Conflict, and Community in Cripple Creek, Elizabeth Jameson, 1998, page 43.〕 When Cripple Creek miners went on strike in 1894, Stratton's Independence mine and the Portland mine came to an agreement with them, against the wishes of other mine owners.〔All That Glitters—Class, Conflict, and Community in Cripple Creek, Elizabeth Jameson, 1998, page 55.〕 Stratton had incorporated the Portland company and was its first president and largest stockholder.〔All That Glitters—Class, Conflict, and Community in Cripple Creek, Elizabeth Jameson, 1998, page 44.〕 Stratton developed a theory that the gold veins in the Cripple Creek District converged at a great depth, roughly in the shape of a goblet. This theory did not pan out, however.〔All That Glitters—Class, Conflict, and Community in Cripple Creek, Elizabeth Jameson, 1998, page 66.〕 The mining companies became concerned about ore theft, and in 1897 they began hiring the services of Pinkerton agents.〔All That Glitters—Class, Conflict, and Community in Cripple Creek, Elizabeth Jameson, 1998, page 71.〕 In 1900 Stratton sold the Independence mine to the Venture Corporation of London for $10 million. The Venture Corporation incorporated the property as ''Stratton's Independence Ltd.'' and sold shares on the London stock exchange. The ore reserves were discovered to be less than previously thought in late 1900, and the share price crashed. Venture Corporation sued Stratton, claiming that the mine had been salted. Stratton died in 1902, but his estate defeated the lawsuit. In May 1900, two Western Federation of Miners (WFM) union representatives checked for union membership cards at the Independence mine. Approximately a hundred miners belonged to the union, and six or eight did not. One of the union representatives talked to the miners, who echoed the union rep's view that they would prefer not to work alongside non-union workers. Mine Superintendent Summers talked the non-union men into joining the union in order to promote harmony in the workforce.〔All That Glitters—Class, Conflict, and Community in Cripple Creek, Elizabeth Jameson, 1998, page 74.〕 In September 1900, the Independence mine was the first mine in the District to introduce a new stripping order requiring all underground workers to undress in one room of a change house and walk into another room in the nude while a guard observed. This was to take place at start and end of each shift. The new rule was implemented to prevent high grading (theft of gold ore) by the mine workers. Five hundred miners met at Victor's Armory Hall, and they decided that while they would help stop ore thieves, they refused to work under the stripping rule. A compromise was reached which allowed the miners to strip to their undergarments. But the miners were unhappy. After the new practice was in place for about a month, a Pinkerton searched the miners at the end of a shift. No ore was found, and the miners walked out. Three days later Independence mine manager A.H. Shipman met with the WFM Executive Board. He ultimately agreed to abolish the Pinkerton guard system, to appoint a guard for the change rooms from candidates the union proposed, and to accept a closed shop. Under the agreement, any miner suspected of high-grading could be searched by a fellow union member in the presence of a watchman. Shipman also announced that he would support membership in the WFM by miners in return for the union's help in stopping the practice of high grading.〔All That Glitters—Class, Conflict, and Community in Cripple Creek, Elizabeth Jameson, 1998, page 71-72.〕 In 1902 the miners at the Independence mine bought diamond rings for Shipman, who had negotiated the closed shop, for Superintendent Sam Lobb, and for Assistant Manager R.J. Grant. The miners and the managers enjoyed a "little smoking session" at Shipman's home after the presentation.〔All That Glitters—Class, Conflict, and Community in Cripple Creek, Elizabeth Jameson, 1998, page 102.〕 ===Colorado Labor Wars=== (詳細はmajor strike by the Western Federation of Miners. Many miners throughout the Cripple Creek District walked out of any mines that were shipping ore to the mills at Colorado City, in order to support a strike by the mill workers there. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Stratton's Independence Mine and Mill」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|